Baltimore HIV Behavioral Surveillance (BESURE) Reports

HIV Infection Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men-Baltimore HIV Behavioral Surveillance Special Report, 2023

HIV Infection Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs-Baltimore HIV Behavioral Surveillance Special Report, 2022

HIV Infection, Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Heterosexually Active Adults at Increased Risk for HIV Infection — Baltimore HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 2019

HIV Infection Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — Baltimore HIV Behavioral Surveillance Injection Drug Use, 2018

HIV Infection Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men — Baltimore HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 2017

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). HIV infection and HIV-associated behaviors among injection drug users – 20 cities, United States, 2009. MMWR Surveill Summ, 63(6):1-51. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6108a1.htm.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). HIV risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among men who have sex with men. National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 21 US Cities, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveill Summ, 60(14): 1-40. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss6014.pdf?source=govdelivery.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). HIV testing among men who have sex with men -- 21 cities, United States, 2008.  Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 60(21);694-699. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6021a3.htm?s_cid=mm6021a3_w.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Characteristics associated with HIV infection among heterosexuals in urban areas with high AIDS prevalence - 24 Cities, United States, 2006-2007. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 60(31);1045-1049.https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6031a1.htm?s_cid=mm6031a1_e&source=govdelivery.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Prevalence and awareness of HIV infection among men who have sex with men — 21 cities, United States, 2008. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 59(37);1201-1207. https://npin.cdc.gov/publication/prevalence-and-awareness-hiv-infection-among-men-who-have-sex-men-%E2%80%93-21-cities-united

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). HIV-associated behaviors among injecting drug users — 23 cities, United States, May 2005–February 2006. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 58(13);329-332.

Cooley LA, Pearl ML, Flynn C, Ross C, Hart-Cooper G, Elmore K, Blythe D, Morgan J, Oster AM (2015). Low viral suppression and high HIV diagnosis rate among men who have sex with men with syphilis - Baltimore, Maryland. Sex Transm Dis, 42(4):226-31. PMID: 25763676.

Fallon SA, Park JN, Ogbue CP, Flynn C, & German D (2016). Awareness and acceptability of pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Baltimore. AIDS and Behavior, 21(5):1268-1277. PMID: 27873081.

Fallon SA, Park JN, Ogbue CP, Flynn C, & German D (2016). Awareness and acceptability of pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Baltimore. AIDS and Behavior, 21(5):1268-1277. PMID: 27873081.

German D, Sifakis F, Maulsby C, Towe VL, Flynn CP, Latkin CA, Celentano DD, Hauck H, Holtgrave DR (2011). Persistently high prevalence and unrecognized HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Baltimore: The BESURE Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 57(1): 57-87. PMID: 21297479. 

German D, Linton S, Cassidy-Stewart H, Flynn C (2014). Using Baltimore HIV behavioral surveillance data for local HIV prevention planning. AIDS and Behavior, 18 Suppl 3: S359-69. PMID: 23681696.

Gindi RM, Sifakis F, Sherman SG, Towe VL, Flynn C, Zenilman JM (2011). The geography of heterosexual partnerships in Baltimore City adults. Sex Transm Dis, 38(4):260-6. http://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Abstract/2011/04000/The_Geography_of_Heterosexual_Partnerships_in.3.aspx

Maragh-Bass AC, Ogbue CP, Park J, Flynn C, & German D (2016). Sociodemographic and access-related correlates of healthcare utilization among African-American injection drug users in Baltimore. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Use, 16(3):344-362. PMID: 27404977.

Maulsby C, Sifakis F, German D, Flynn CP, Holtgrave D (2012). Partner characteristics and undiagnosed HIV seropositivity among men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) in Baltimore.  AIDS and Behavior, 16(3):543-53. PMID: 21964976.

Maulsby C, Sifakis F, German D, Flynn CP, Holtgrave D (2013). HIV risk among men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) in Baltimore. Journal of Homosexuality, 60(1):51-68. PMID: 23241201.

Maulsby C, Jain K, Sifakis F, German D, Flynn CP, Holtgrave D (2015).  Individual-level and partner-level predictors of newly diagnosed HIV infection among black and white men who have sex with men in Baltimore, MD.  AIDS and Behavior, 19(5):909-17.  PMID: 25092514.

Mitchell KM, Hoots B, Dimitrov DT, Farley J, Gelman M, German D, Flynn C, Adeyeye A, Remien R, Beyrer C, Paz-Bailey G, Boily MC (2016). Potential impact on HIV incidence of increasing viral suppression among HIV-positive MSM in Baltimore: Mathematical modelling for HPTN 078. https://www.hptn.org/sites/default/files/2016-10/R4P_slides_KM_078_modelling_181016_FINAL.pdf

Raifman J RG, Flynn C, & German D (2017). Healthcare provider contact and pre-exposure prophylaxis in Baltimore men who have sex with men. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 52(1), 55-63. PMID: 27662698.

Said M, German D, Flynn C, Linton S, Blythe D, Cooley L, . . . Oster A (2015). Uptake of testing for HIV and syphilis among men who have sex with men in Baltimore, Maryland: 2004-2011. AIDS & Behavior, 19(11), 2036-2043. PMID: 26078117.

Towe VL, Sifakis F, Gindi RM, Sherman SG, Flynn C, Hauck H, Celentano DD (2010). Prevalence of HIV infection and sexual risk behaviors among individuals having heterosexual sex in low income neighborhoods in Baltimore, MD: the BESURE study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 53(4):522-8. https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2010/04010/Prevalence_of_HIV_Infection_and_Sexual_Risk.14.aspx

Villanti A, German D, Flynn CP, Sifakis F, Holtgrave D (2012). Smoking, self-reported HIV, and HIV risk behaviors in a respondent driven sample of injection drug users in Baltimore: The BeSure Study. AIDS Education and Prevention, 24(2): 132-47. PMID: 22468974. 

Broz D, Wejnert C, Pham HT, DiNenno E, Heffelfinger JD, Cribbin M, Krishna N, Teshale EH, Paz-Bailey G; National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System Study Group (2014). HIV infection and risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among injecting drug users - National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 20 U.S. cities, 2009. MMWR Surveill Summ, 63(6):1-51.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6306a1.htm?s_cid=ss6306a1_w. 

Burnett JC, Broz D, Spiller MW, Wejnert C, Paz-Bailey G (2018). HIV infection and HIV-associated behaviors among persons who inject drugs - 20 cities, United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 67(1):23-28. PMID: 29324726.

Balaji AB, Bowles KE, Hess KL, Smith JC, & Paz-Bailey G (2017). Association between enacted stigma and HIV-related risk behavior among MSM, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 2011. AIDS and Behavior, 21(1), 227-237. PMID: 27830344.

Cooley LA, Oster AM, Rose CE, Wejnert C, Le BC, Paz-Bailey C, for the NHBS Study Group (2014). Increases in HIV testing among men who have sex with men – National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 20 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2008 and 2001. Plos One, 9(9); e104162. PMID: 25180514.

Cooley LA, Wejnert C, Rose CE & Paz-Bailey G, for the NHBS Study Group (2015). Increases in recent HIV testing among men who have sex with men coincide with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Expanded Testing Initiative. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(3), 483-485. PMID: 25352589. 

Cooley LA, Hoots B, Wejnert C, Lewis R, Paz-Bailey G, NHBS Study Group (2016). Policy changes and improvements in health insurance coverage among MSM, 20 U.S. Cities, 2008-2014. AIDS and Behavior, 21 (3):615-618. PMID: 27771817. 

Cooley LA, Wejnert C, Spiller MW, Broz D, Paz-Bailey G, for the NHBS Study Group (2016). Low HIV testing among persons who inject drugs-National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 20 U.S. cities, 2012. Drug Alcohol Depen, 165:270-4. PMID: 27323649. 

Cooper HL, Linton S, Kelley ME, Ross Z, Wolfe ME, Chen YT, Zlotorzynska M, Hunter-Jones J, Friedman SR, Des Jarlais D, Semaan S, Tempalski B, DiNenno E, Broz D, Wejnert C, Paz-Bailey G; National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group (2016). Racialized risk environments in a large sample of people who inject drugs in the United States. Int J Drug Policy, 27:43-55. PMID: 26342272. 

Cooper HL, Linton S, Kelley ME, Ross Z, Wolfe ME, Chen YT, Zlotorzynska M, Hunter-Jones J, Friedman SR, Des Jarlais DC, Tempalski B, DiNenno E, Broz D, Wejnert C, Paz-Bailey G; National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group (2016). Risk environments, race/ethnicity, and HIV status in a large sample of people who inject drugs in the United States. PLoS One, 11(3):e0150410. PMID: 26974165. 

Dailey AF, Hoots BE, Hall HI, Song R, Hayes D, Fulton P Jr, Prejean J, Hernandez AL, Koenig LJ, Valleroy LA (2017). Vital Signs: Human immunodeficiency virus testing and diagnosis delays - United States. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 66(47):1300-1306. PMID: 29190267.

German D, Nguyen TQ, Ogbue C, & Flynn C (2015). Condomless anal intercourse among heterosexuals at high risk for HIV. Sexually Transmitted Diseases,42(6):317-23. PMID: 25970308.

Hess KL, Chavez PR, Kanny D, DiNenno E, Lansky A, Paz-Bailey G; NHBS Study Group (2015). Binge drinking and risky sexual behavior among HIV-negative and unknown HIV status men who have sex with men, 20 US cities. Drug Alcohol Depend, 147:46-52. PMID: 25555622.

Hess KL, DiNenno E, Sionean C, Ivy W, Paz-Bailey G, NHBS Study Group (2016). Prevalence and correlates of heterosexual anal intercourse among men and women, 20 U.S. cities. AIDS and Behavior, 20(12):2966-2975. PMID: 26781872.

Hoots BE, Finlayson TJ, Wejnert C, Paz-Bailey G; NHBS Study Group (2015). Early linkage to HIV care and antiretroviral treatment among men who have sex with men--20 cities, United States, 2008 and 2011. PLoS One, 10(7):e0132962. PMID: 26176856. 

Hoots BE, Finlayson T, Nerlander L, & Paz-Bailey G (2016). Willingness to take, use of, and indications for pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men—20 US cities, 2014. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 63(5), 672-677. PMID: 27282710.

Kasaie P, Pennington J, Shah MS, Berry SA, German D, Flynn CP, Beyrer C, Dowdy DW (2017).   The impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men: An individual-based model.  J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 75(2):175-183. PMID: 28498144. 

Lansky A, Sullivan PS, Gallagher KM, Fleming PL (2007). HIV behavioral surveillance in the U.S.: A conceptual framework. Pub Health Rep,122 Suppl 1:16-23. PMID: 17354523.   

Linton S, Cooper H, Kelley ME, Karnes CC, Ross Z, Wolfe ME, Des Jarlais D, Semaan S, Tempalski B, DiNenno E, Finlayson T, Sionean C, Wejnert C, Paz-Bailey, NHBS Study Group (2015). HIV infection among people who inject drugs in the United States: Geographically explained variance across racial and ethnic groups. AJPH, 105(12): 2457-2465. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4638266/.

Linton S, Cooper HL, Kelley ME, Kames CC, Ross Z, Wolfe ME, Chen YT, Friedman ST, Des Jarlais D, Semaan S, Tempalski B, Sionean C, DiNenno E,Wejnert C, Paz-Bailey G, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group (2016). Associations of place characteristics with HIV and HCV risk behaviors among racial/ethnic groups of people who inject drugs in the United States. Ann Epidemiology, 26(9): 619-630.PMID: 27576908.

Maulsby C, Sifakis F, German D, Flynn CP, Holtgrave D (2012). Differences and similarities in HIV testing among men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) and men who have sex with men only (MSMO). Open AIDS Journal, 6: 53-9. PMID: 22833774.

Meites E, Markowitz LE, Paz-Bailey G, Oster AM; NHBS Study Group (2014). HPV vaccine coverage among men who have sex with men - National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, United States, 2011. Vaccine. 2014 Nov 12;32(48):6356-9. PMID: 25258097.

Nerlander LM, Hess KL, Sionean C, Rose CE, Thorson A, Broz D, Paz-Bailey G (2016). Exchange sex and HIV infection among men who have sex with men: US cities, 2011. AIDS and Behavior, 21(8):2283-2294. PMID: 27307181.

Oster A, Johnson C, Le B, Balaji A, Finlayson T, Lansky A, Mermin J, Valleroy L, MacKellar D, Behel S, Paz-Bailey G, YMS Study Group, & NHBS Study Group (2014). Trends in HIV prevalence and HIV testing among young MSM: Five U.S. cities, 1994-2011. AIDS and Behavior, 18 Suppl 3: S237-47. PMID: 23955658.

Paz-Bailey G, Raymond HF, Lansky A, Mermin J (2014). Using the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System to inform HIV prevention efforts in the United States. AIDS Behav,18 Suppl 3:S233-6. PMID: 24659359.

Paz-Bailey G, Smith A, Masciotra S, Zhang W, Bingham T, Flynn C, German D, Al-Tayyib A, Magnus M, Lalota M, Owen M (2015). Early HIV infections among men who have sex with men in five cities in the United States. AIDS and Behavior, 19(12):2304-10. PMID: 25680518.

Paz-Bailey G, Mendoza M, Finlayson T, Wejnert C, Le B, Rose C, Raymond HF, Prejean J, for the NHBS Study Group (2016). Trends in condom use among men who have sex with men in the United States: The role of antiretroviral therapy and sero-adaptive strategies. AIDS and Behavior, 30(12), 1985-90. PMID: 27149088.

Poteat T, German D, & Flynn C (2016). The conflation of gender and sex: Gaps and opportunities in HIV data among transgender women and MSM. Global Public Health, 11(7-8), 835-848. PMID: 26785751.

Skarbinski J, Rosenberg E, Paz-Bailey G, et al. (2015). Human immunodeficiency virus transmission at each step of the care continuum in the United States. JAMA Intern Med, 175(4):588-596. PMID: 25706928. 

Wejnert C, Hess KL, Rose CE, Balaji A, Smith JC, Paz-Bailey G, & Group NS (2016). Age-specific race and ethnicity disparities in HIV infection and awareness among men who have sex with men--20 US cities, 2008-2014. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 213(5), 776-783. PMID: 26486637.